One of the most striking features of quantum mechanics is the profound effect exerted by measurements alone. Sophisticated quantum control is now available in several experimental systems, exposing discrepancies between quantum and classical mechanics whenever measurement induces disturbance of the interrogated system. In practice, such discrepancies may frequently be explained as the back-action required by quantum mechanics adding quantum noise to a classical signal. Here, we implement the "three-box" quantum game [Aharonov Y, et al. (1991) J Phys A Math Gen 24(10):2315-2328] by using state-of-the-art control and measurement of the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond. In this protocol, the back-action of quantum measurements adds no detectable disturbance to the classical description of the game. Quantum and classical mechanics then make contradictory predictions for the same experimental procedure; however, classical observers are unable to invoke measurement-induced disturbance to explain the discrepancy. We quantify the residual disturbance of our measurements and obtain data that rule out any classical model by ≳7.8 standard deviations, allowing us to exclude the property of macroscopic state definiteness from our system. Our experiment is then equivalent to the test of quantum noncontextuality [Kochen S, Specker E (1967) J Math Mech 17(1):59-87] that successfully addresses the measurement detectability loophole.
展开▼
机译:量子力学最显着的特征之一就是仅通过测量就能产生深远的影响。现在,复杂的量子控制可在多个实验系统中使用,每当测量引起被询问系统的干扰时,就会暴露出量子力学与经典力学之间的差异。在实践中,这种差异经常被解释为量子力学将量子噪声添加到经典信号中所需的反向作用。在这里,我们实现了“三盒”量子游戏[Aharonov Y等。 (1991)J Phys A Math Gen 24(10):2315-2328]通过使用最先进的控制和钻石中氮空位中心的测量。在此协议中,量子测量的反向作用不会在游戏的经典描述中添加任何可检测到的干扰。然后,量子力学和经典力学对同一实验过程做出了矛盾的预测。但是,经典的观察者无法通过测量引起的干扰来解释差异。我们对测量的残余扰动进行量化,并获得排除任何经典模型rule7.8标准偏差的数据,从而使我们能够从系统中排除宏观状态确定性的性质。然后,我们的实验等效于量子非上下文性的测试[Kochen S,Specker E(1967)J Math Mech 17(1):59-87],该测试成功解决了测量可检测性漏洞。
展开▼